An embedded system is a computer system that is designed for a specific purpose and has hardware and software components that work together to perform a particular function¹. Embedded systems are usually small, low-cost, low-power, and highly reliable². They can be found in many devices that we use every day, such as digital watches, washing machines, cameras, cars, medical equipment, and more.
There are different types of embedded systems based on their performance, functional requirements, and microcontroller. Some of the common types are:
Stand-alone embedded systems: These are independent systems that do not need a host system or a network to operate. They take input from sensors or user interfaces and provide output to displays or actuators⁴. Examples of stand-alone embedded systems are MP3 players, microwave ovens, calculators, etc.
Real-time embedded systems: These are systems that have strict time constraints and must respond to events or inputs within a specified time interval. They are used for critical applications that require high accuracy and reliability⁴. Examples of real-time embedded systems are traffic control systems, military systems, medical systems, etc. Real-time embedded systems can be further classified into hard real-time and soft real-time systems, depending on how strictly they follow the deadlines.
Networked embedded systems: These are systems that are connected to a network, either wired or wireless, and communicate with other devices or servers through protocols. They can access or provide data or services over the network⁴. Examples of networked embedded systems are home security systems, ATM machines, card swipe machines, etc.
Mobile embedded systems: These are systems that are small, portable, and battery-powered. They have limited resources and use wireless communication technologies. They are designed for user convenience and mobility⁴. Examples of mobile embedded systems are mobile phones, digital cameras, MP3 players, etc..
